Prominent in the 1840s and 50s, the slavophiles believed in the uniqueness of russian culture and contended that russia should rely on its own character and history to determine its future. List of books and articles about nicholas i online. Slavophiles were especially opposed to the influences of western europe in russia. They also saw the same unique historical development among other slavs, especially the. Uvarovs old 1828 formula provides a simple outline in which to describe and compare the more complicated core of dostoyevskyan and slavophile philosophy.
He states that the result of exploring ones past has made russia condemn its own history and culture as barbaric in contrast to western culture 179. Slavophiles definition of slavophiles by the free dictionary. They felt that this class would be able to control a capitalist system and parliament rejected feudalism political life russian culture westerners were the. Slavophile synonyms, slavophile pronunciation, slavophile translation, english dictionary definition of slavophile. There were also similar movements in poland, hungary and greece. Today, the division between slavophiles and westernizers has reasserted itself in the political and intellectual discourse of postsoviet russia. The differences between them, however, were not always clear cut. Archimandrite gavriil vasily voskresensky, who cofounded the slavophile movement, published his book russian philosophy in kazan in.
Some slavophiles adduced folksongs as evidence of the essential christianity. The slavophiles were a group of 19th century russian intellectuals who were drown together by common beliefs, attitudes, and aspirations in such fundamental issues as religion, philosophy and the problem of russia and the west. Origins and implications vladimir putin biography, kgb, russian orthodox church, slavophiles and westernizers, putin and president george w. Slavophiles and westernizers academic dictionaries and. There were also similar movements in poland, serbia and croatia, bulgaria, and czechoslovakia.
He strongly opposed slavophiles on the role of orthodoxy, which he considered a. Westerners the westerners desired the development of russian capitalism and, with it, the establishment of a middle class. Other prisoncamp books were written by yevgenia ginzburg, maria ioffe, lev kopelev, andrei amalrik, and vladimir bukovski. Westernizers were a group of 19thcentury intellectuals who believed that russia s. By contrast, russian society was founded on the collectivist principle of the commune united by common interests of its members. Cambridge university press defense of human dignity edited. The slavophiles and zapadniki were two contrasting russian philosophical camps that took shape in the early 19 th century. He states that the result of exploring ones past has made russia condemn its own history and culture as barbaric in contrast to. Just to what degree dostoyevskys thoughts paralleled those of the slavophiles will be outlined in subsequent chapters in three major areasorthodoxy, autocracy, and nationality. Slavophiles opposed the influences of western europe in russia. The question of russias identity in the discussions between westernizers, slavophiles and eurasianists and an analysis of the consequences in presentday russia. The french revolution in russian intellectual life, 18651905. The slavophiles were a group that fashioned an ideology out of a desire for love, harmony, and religion.
Cambridge university press defense of human dignity edited by. Aleksandr herzen depicted the two camps of westernizers and slavophiles as grown inseparably together, but twoheaded like the roman god janus. He agreed with slavophiles that society had precedence over individualism, but he insisted the society had to allow the expression of individual ideas and rights. The first was known as the stankevich circle, after its leader nikolai stankevich 181840, a very charismatic and muchloved figure who even while still a student at moscow university attracted a number of followers, to whom he introduced german philosophy. In contrast, the westernizers formed as a broad alliance of intellectuals against the slavophile ideology. Students will learn about the reign of nicholas i, which was characterized by repression, yet also the flowering of literature and intellectual ideas. This chapter focuses on the complex historical relationship between the westernizerslavophile dispute and the genesis of russian philosophy. Russian literature students britannica kids homework. The discovery of chance the life and thought of alexander herzen by aileen m. The history of slavophiles and westernizers in russia sputnik news. Many of the university press books are available for free download, and some have an additional print version available for purchase. I found the chapters on slavophiles and art especially stimulating and original. Russian nationalism and the divided soul of the westernizers and. Slavophiles and westernizers article about slavophiles.
Bush, nationalism, nato by progressive management available from rakuten kobo. A contribution to history of russian messianism, 2nd part. Slavophiles and westernizers in russia valdai club. Developing in the 1830s from study circles concerned with german philosophy, the slavophiles were influenced greatly by friedrich schelling. Slavophiles article about slavophiles by the free dictionary. History of a conservative utopia in nineteenthcentury russian thought. An introduction to the intellectual history of nineteenthcentury russia by andrzej walicki i. Slavophilia is a russian movement originating in the 19th century that wanted the russian empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history. The westernizers were a group of 19th century russian intellectuals who opposed feudalism and the slavophiles in the 1840s. Slavophiles and westernizers article about slavophiles and. Since the 19th century, russias inner conflict has been between the individual and the collective called the westernizers and the slavophiles. Source for information on slavophiles and westernizers. They also saw the same unique historical development among other slavs, especially the south slavs. Adele barker is professor of russian and slavic studies at the university of arizona.
Jul 29, 2007 western philosophy first gained a toehold in 18thcentury russia due to the extraordinary efforts of catherine the great, who read locke and adopted some of his educational reforms, corresponded. Russian folklore played an important role in the debates of the slavophiles and westernizers about national identity. The slavophiles held that russian civilization was unique. Slavophiles synonyms, slavophiles pronunciation, slavophiles translation, english dictionary definition of slavophiles. Slavophile thought and the politics of cultural nationalism suny series in national identities 9780791466940.
Slavophilia is an intellectual movement originating from the 19th century that wanted the russian empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history. Folklore in the debates of the westernizers and slavophiles. Students will prepare for and participate in a debate of the points of view of the slavophiles and westernizers regarding religion, politics, economics, society, and the future of. In some contexts of russian history, zapadnichestvo can be contrasted with slavophilia. A history of russian philosophy 18301930 edited by g. Russian history keeps change as this debate continues. European historya controversial idea that makes the book exciting reading. Slavophilia was an intellectual movement originating from the 19th century that wanted the russian empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history. Students will research the contrasting points of view regarding russias future of the slavophiles and westernizers. Dostoyevsky and the slavophiles unt digital library. Peter the greats historical significance stems not only from his military ambitions and the great expansion of the russian empire under his supervision, but also from his efforts to introduce secular, western customs and ideas into russian culture.
By georgina h brandt february 5, 2003 the conflict between slavophiles and westernizers in dostoevskys the brothers karamazov in the brothers karamazov, dostoevsky expounds on the conflict between slavophiles and westernizers, which has existed in russia since the reign of tsar peter the great in the 18th century. Dostoyevsky insists that the longstanding disagreements between slavophiles and westernizers over russias future was simply a big misunderstanding. The new emperor quickly made peace with both france and britain and restored normal relations with austria. Slavophiles and westernizers, designation for two groups of intellectuals in mid19thcentury russia that represented opposing schools of thought concerning the nature of russian civilization. This was the time of the great figures in russian literature, but also the height of tsarist autocracy. Hist 202 lecture 4 peter the great open yale courses. The slavophiles believed that russias uniqueness lay in the absence of a class struggle in its history, in its land communes and artels, and in its religion, orthodoxy, which they viewed as the only true form of christianity. University of california press over 700 titles from ucps scholarship editions are available to the public. In late nineteenth century russian history, the slavophiles and westernizers could be defined through their distinctive characteristics. These include books on art, science, history, music, religion and fiction. The origins of slavophilism can be traced back to the ideas of thinkers such as prince mikhail shcherbatov, alexander radishchev, poshkov, nikolai novikov, and nikolai karamzin, all of whom contrasted ancient prepetrine russia with the modern postpetrine embodiment, stressing the uniqueness of russian traditions, norms, and ideas. Intellectual life was in ferment, the revolutionary movement took form, and the two schools of thought held by slavophiles and westernizers emerged. Journal of the society for psychological anthropology 4 4.
Opposing groups of intellectuals in 19th century russia. Slavophiles and westernizers were two groups of intellectuals in. The french revolution in russian intellectual life, 1865. Western philosophy first gained a toehold in 18thcentury russia due to the extraordinary efforts of catherine the great, who read locke and adopted some of. When alexander i came to the throne in march 1801, russia was in a state of hostility with most of europe, though its armies were not actually fighting. Developing in the 1830s from study circles concerned with german philosophy, the slavophiles were. Russian slavophiles and westernizers both agreed that. Fulfillment by amazon fba is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in amazons fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. These romantic thinkers were the ultimate defenders of all things uniquely russian, especially the orthodox church. Fierce debate raged between the two sides as each addressed a very important question. He strongly opposed slavophiles on the role of orthodoxy, which he considered a retrograde force.
He emphasized reason and knowledge, and attacked autocracy and theocracy. The westernizers were initially formed of two philosophical circles in the 1830s, who came together in the 1840s. The great age of russian philosophy spans the century between 1830 and 1930 from the famous slavophilewesternizer controversy of the 1830s and 1840s, through the silver age of russian culture at the beginning of the twentieth century, to the formation of a russian philosophical emigration in the wake of the russian revolution. One of the earliest and best known examples of such debates is the slavophiles versus westernizers controversy of the 1840s. He has written, translated and edited many books in russian history, including politics of the russian nobility, 18811905 1984, boris chicherin and.
The slavophiles we have discussed in this essay stood on the common ground that the influence of western. University of notre dame press, 1989 history 609 pages. Writer alexander herzen described their ideological disputes, held at moscows literary salons, in his book my past and thoughts. List of books and articles about nicholas i online research.
Westernizers believe that russia is fundamentally a european country, that it shares. Russian nationalism and the divided soul of the westernizers and slavophiles. Slavophile, in russian history, member of a 19thcentury intellectual movement that wanted russias future development to be based on values and institutions derived from the countrys early history. Imperial russias illiberal path engelstein, laura on. This great intellectual debate for the first time distilled two contrasting interpretations of russias past and future. Slavophile definition of slavophile by the free dictionary. Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features. Popular culture, sex, and society since gorbachev, also published by duke university press.
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